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silicon caroffere (Carborundum}chemical compound
Silicon caroffere, exceedingly hard, synthetically produced crystallinecompoundof silicon andcarbon. Itschemical formulais SiC. Since the late 19th century silicon caroffere has been an important material for sandpapers, grinding wheels, and cutting tools. More recently, it has found application in refractory linings and heating elements for industrial furnaces, in wear-resistant parts for pumps and rocket engines, and in semiconducting substrates for light-emitting diodes.
Properties and applications.
Until the invention ofboron carofferein 1929, silicon caroffere was the hardestsyntheticmaterial known. It has aMohs hardnessrating of 9, approaching that of diamond. In addition to hardness, silicon caroffere crystals have fracture characteristics that make them extremely useful in grinding wheels and in abrasive paper and cloth products. Its highthermal conductivity, together with its high-temperature strength, lowthermal expansion, and resistance to chemical reaction, makes silicon caroffere valuable in the manufacture of high-temperature bricks and other refractories. It is also classed as asemiconductor, having an electrical conductivity between that of metals and insulating materials. This property, in combination with its thermal properties, makesSiCa promising substitute for traditional semiconductors such as silicon in high-temperature applications.
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